Thermostat.



PATENTED MAR. 22, 1904.

D. H. HAYWOOD. THERMOSTAT.

APPLICATION PILEDDBU- 23, 1902.

H0 MODEL.

WITNESSES:

ivo. rea ist.

- UNITED STATES Patented March 22,

PATENT OFFICE.

DANIEL HOWARD HAYWOOD, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO DAVIS 86' ROESCH TEMPERATURE CONTROLLING COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

THERMOSTAT.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 755,487, dated March 22, 1904.

Application filed December 23, 1902. Serial No. 136,369. (No model.)

To (1157 whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, DANIEL HOWARD HAY- WOOD, a citizen of the United States of America, and a resident of New York city, county and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Thermostats, of which the following isa specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part thereof.

I My invention relates to improvements in 2o tube or casing and rod or bar are coupled together at one end, so that they are incapable of relative longitudinal movement in one direction, and at the other end are provided the one with a valve-seat and the other with a valve. The valve-seat is formed rigid with the outer casing, and the valve is connected directly to the bar or rod-that is to say, without any intermediate lever or the like, but is jointed with respect to said rod or bar, 3 so as to permit relative movement thereof.

. Under abnormal variations of temperature, the bar or rod carrying the valve will be slightly bowed or flexed, and the joint between the valve and the rod or bar carrying it is intended for the purpose of permitting such flexure, while. holding the valve against any movement upon its seat.

The object of my invention is to procure great sensibility in a thermostat, while at the 4 same time providing adequate means for compensating for abnormal variations in temperature. I

I will now proceed to describe a thermostat embodying myinvention and will then point out the novel features in claims.

In the drawings, Figure lis an outside front elevation of a thermostat embodying my invention. Fig. 2 shows a central longitudinal section of the same. Fig. 3 is a detail View of certain parts drawn to a larger scale than 5 the other figures. Fig. 4: is a detail view, on

an enlarged scale, showing a modified form of joint between the valve and its rod.

In carrying out my invention I provide an outer tube or casing 1 of considerable length relatively to its diameter, which tube or casing may be conveniently composed of a metal having a relatively high coeflicient of expan sion, such'as brass. The tube or casing is closed at its upper end by a head 2 and at its lower end by a base or supporting plate 3. The base or supporting plate has suitable lugs 44:, by which the device may be secured to the wall or elsewhere, as desired.

A valve-seat 5 is arranged within the base 3, and the said base is provided with an inletport6, leading to the interior of the casing upon one side of the valve-seat, and an outlet or. distributing port 7, leading from the other side of the valve-seat.

Within the casing is arranged a bar or rod 8, constituting a valve-stem, the upper end of which carries a head or flange 9 and the lower end of which carries a valve 10. The bar or valve-stem Sis composed of a material having 7 5 a relatively low coefiicient of expansion, such as iron or steel. The valve 10 is fitted to the valve-seat 5 and coacts therewith.

In the preferred form of my invention namely, that shown in Figs. 2 and 3 of the drawings-the valve is shown as connected to its stem 8 by means of a ball-and-socket joint 11, while in Fig. 4 the connection is shown as a pivoted one. In either case a limited relative movement of the parts is permitted. 8 5

A spring 12 is arranged between the upper head or flange 9 of the rod 8 and an abutment 13 upon the casing. An adjusting-screw 1 L is fitted to the casing-head 2 and bears against the end of the rod 8. By adjusting the screw 9 14. up or down the rod 8 will be correspond ingly adjusted, as will the valve 10, carried thereby, with respect to its seat 5.

A suitable gland and packing 15 may be provided for the purpose of making the screwthreaded connection between the adjustingscrew 14 and the head 2 tight, and a flanged cover 16 may be secured to the adjustingscrew and arranged to inclose the top of the tube 1, its head 2, and the gland 15. The adjusting-screw may then be turned for adjusting the valve and rod by turning the flanged cover 16, and degrees of temperature may be denoted upon the outside of this flanged cover 16, as shown in Fig. l, which registering vwith a mark upon the outside of the tube or casing may indicate the degree of temperature at which the device may be set to operate.

The device may be employed by connecting the inlet-port 6 with a source of compressedair or other fluid-pressure supply. The outlet or distributing port 7 may then be connected with the heat-controller of a heating system.

In operation as the temperature of the medium surrounding the device-as, for instance, the atmosphere in the room or car in which the device may be located-rises the tube or casing 1 will expand to a relatively greater extent than will the valve-stem or bar 8, and the said valve-stem or bar 8 will be lifted bodily, as will consequently the valve 10, away from its seat 5. Fluid -pressure supplied through the inlet-port 6 will pass through the distributing-port 7 to the heat-controller to turn the heat off. As the temperature gradually lowers' the outer tube or casing 1 will contract to a greater extent than will the inner rod or bar 8 until, finally, the valve 10 will be brought down upon its seat to close admission of motive fluid and return motive fluid from the heat-controller will be permitted to exhaust from the distributing-passage 7 through a vent-valve 12 in a well-known manner. 7

It has been found that in a device of the character shown herein the difference of a single degree of temperature is sufl icient in one direction to unseat the valve and in the other direction to seat same, and the valve and seat have therefore been made of relatively large area with respect to the passage leading therefrom, so that the opening of the valve for an infinitesimal distance will be enough to permit a sufiicient quantity of fluid under pressure to pass therethrough. Should the temperature rise many degrees above the point at which the device is set to work, the result will of course only be to open the valve wider and wider. Lowering of the temperature after the valve has been seated will first tend to seat the valve more securely and will finally tend to bow or flex the rod 8. If no provision were made to compensate for this springing or bowing of the rod, the valve would tend to be unseated, and a leakage past the valve would result. In my present construction I have compensated for this bowing or flexure of the valve-stem or rod by providing a joint between it and the valve directly carried thereby. Thus the said valvestem will be permitted to become curved or bowed without changing the direction of pressure upon the valve. I preferably form this connection as a ball-and-socket joint, because such joint will permit flexure or howing of the valve-stem in any direction and, further, because such ajoint will stand a great deal of pressure. Again, there being but little movement in same, almost no wear will take place. In some instances, however, I may, if desired, merely employ a pivoted joint, such as shown in Fig. 4, and in such case the flexure of the rod will always take place in a plane substantially at right angles to the axis of the pivot.

The material of which the valve-stem or rod is made will of course be such as to permit such 'flexure under pressure and when the pressure is relieved to'cause the rod to again spring back to its normal condition.

It will be understood that in describing the foregoing application of my device the same is merely one of many uses to which this invention may be applied and that I do not desire to limit myself to such use; neither do I desire to limit myself to the exact details of construction as herein shown, as they are obviously capable of many modifications within the spirit and scope of my invention.

By my arrangement and construction I have produced an extremely simple form of thermostat adapted for many purposes, and

particularly adapted for use in connection with temperature-regulators of heating systems.

The device consists of but few parts, and these parts are simple and inexpensive in construction. The device will Work with a high degree of sensitiveness, and yet will permit a wide variation of temperature without any of the parts being unduly alfected thereby.

What I claim is- 1. In a thermostat the combination with a tube or casing provided at one end with a valve- .said valve-stem free to flex between its support at one end, and its jointed connection with the valve at the other, said jointed connection permitting limited relative movements of the parts, and thereby relieving the valve of tendency to tilt upon flexure of the valvestem, the tube or casing and the valve-stem composed of materials having different coeflicients of expansion.

2. In a thermostat the combination with a tube or casing provided at one end with a valveseat, of a laterally-flexible valve-stem arranged within the casing and coupled thereto unyieldingly at one end against relative longitudinal movement in one direction, and a valve adapted to engage said valve-seat having a ball-andsocket connection with the other end of said valve-stem and in close proximity to the valve face, said valve-stem free to flex between its support at one end, and its ball-and-socket connection with the valve at the other, said balland-socket connection permitting such flex ure While relieving the valve of tendency thereby to tilt, the tube or casing composed of a material having a greater coefficient of expansion than the material of which the valve-stem is composed.

3. In a thermostat, the combination with a tube or casing provided at one end with a valveseat having a tapered face, of a laterally-flexible valve-stem arranged Within the casing, and coupled thereto unyieldingly at one end against relative longitudinal movement in one direction, said valve-stem unguided throughout its length beyond its point of support, a tapered valve adapted to engage said valveseat having a jointed connection with the free end of said valve-stem and in close proximity to the valve-face, said valve-stem free to flex between its support at one end, and its jointed connection With the valve at the other, said jointed connection permitting limited relative movements of the parts, and thereby relieving the valve of tendency to tilt upon flexure of the valve-stem, the tube or casing and the valve-stem composed of materials having different coefficients of expansion.

DANIEL HOWARD HAYWOOD.

Witnesses:

(1F. CARRINGTON, M. M. CoNovER. 

